Vulnerability Module

The vulnerability module performs active security testing to identify exploitable weaknesses. This module requires explicit authorization as it performs intrusive testing.

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⚠️ Important Warning

LEGAL NOTICE: This module performs active security testing that may:

• Send malicious payloads to targets
• Attempt to exploit vulnerabilities
• Trigger security alerts
• Potentially cause service disruption

Only use with explicit written authorization.

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Why This Order of Tests?

Vulnerability checks run last in reconFTW's pipeline for important reasons:

1. Dependency Chain: Tests require data from previous phases:

   • URLs from web analysis → XSS, SQLi, LFI testing
   • Parameters from param_discovery → Injection point testing
   • JavaScript analysis → Prototype pollution candidates
2. Detection Risk: Vuln scanning generates suspicious traffic:

   • SQL injection payloads like ' OR 1=1--
   • XSS payloads with <script> tags
   • SSRF callbacks to external servers

   Running this phase last means all passive/semi-active recon is complete before potential detection.
3. Resource Intensity: Fuzzing and exploitation testing consume significant resources. Running them on a refined target list (after filtering) is more efficient than testing everything.

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Callback Servers for Blind Vulnerabilities

Some vulnerabilities don't show direct responses. Blind SSRF, out-of-band XXE, and blind command injection require callback detection.

reconFTW supports:

• interactsh: ProjectDiscovery's callback server (default)
• Burp Collaborator: If configured

Configure in reconftw.cfg:

INTERACTSH_URL="https://interact.sh"
INTERACTSH_TOKEN=""  # Optional, for private server

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Module Overview

Function	Vulnerability Type	Tools
nuclei_check	CVEs, misconfigs, exposures	nuclei
xss	Cross-Site Scripting	dalfox
sqli	SQL Injection	sqlmap, ghauri
cors	CORS Misconfiguration	Corsy
open_redirect	Open Redirect	Oralyzer
ssrf_checks	Server-Side Request Forgery	ffuf, interactsh
crlf_checks	CRLF Injection	crlfuzz
lfi	Local File Inclusion	ffuf
ssti	Server-Side Template Injection	ffuf
command_injection	Command Injection	commix
prototype_pollution	Prototype Pollution	ppmap
smuggling	HTTP Request Smuggling	smuggler
webcache	Web Cache Poisoning	Web-Cache-Vulnerability-Scanner
4xxbypass	403/401 Bypass	nomore403
fuzzparams	Parameter Fuzzing	nuclei
test_ssl	SSL/TLS Issues	testssl
spraying	Password Spraying	brutespray
brokenLinks	Broken Link Hijacking	katana

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Configuration Options

# In reconftw.cfg

# Master toggle (MUST be true for vuln scanning)
VULNS_GENERAL=false

# Individual toggles
XSS=true
CORS=true
TEST_SSL=true
OPEN_REDIRECT=true
SSRF_CHECKS=true
CRLF_CHECKS=true
LFI=true
SSTI=true
SQLI=true
SQLMAP=true
GHAURI=false
BROKENLINKS=true
SPRAY=true
COMM_INJ=true
PROTO_POLLUTION=true
SMUGGLING=true
WEBCACHE=true
BYPASSER4XX=true
FUZZPARAMS=true

# Nuclei settings
NUCLEICHECK=true
NUCLEI_TEMPLATES_PATH="$HOME/nuclei-templates"
NUCLEI_SEVERITY="info,low,medium,high,critical"
NUCLEI_FLAGS="-silent -retries 2"
NUCLEI_RATELIMIT=150

# Callback servers (for blind vulnerabilities)
XSS_SERVER="your_xss_hunter_url"
COLLAB_SERVER="your_interactsh_url"

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Nuclei Scanning

nuclei_check - Full Vulnerability Scanning

Nuclei is the primary vulnerability scanner, checking for thousands of known vulnerabilities.

Template Categories:

• CVEs (known vulnerabilities)
• Exposures (sensitive files, directories)
• Misconfigurations
• Default credentials
• Takeovers
• Technologies

How It Works:

webs.txt → nuclei (templates) → Scan each URL →
→ Match vulnerability patterns → Report findings

Output:

nuclei_output/
├── info_json.txt       # Informational findings
├── low_json.txt        # Low severity
├── medium_json.txt     # Medium severity
├── high_json.txt       # High severity
├── critical_json.txt   # Critical severity
└── nuclei_output.txt   # Human-readable summary

Sample Output:

{
  "template-id": "CVE-2021-44228",
  "name": "Apache Log4j RCE",
  "severity": "critical",
  "matched-at": "https://api.example.com/search",
  "extracted-results": ["jndi:ldap://..."]
}

Configuration:

NUCLEICHECK=true
NUCLEI_TEMPLATES_PATH="$HOME/nuclei-templates"
NUCLEI_SEVERITY="info,low,medium,high,critical"
NUCLEI_EXTRA_ARGS=""  # e.g., "-etags ssl" to exclude
NUCLEI_FLAGS="-silent -retries 2"
NUCLEI_RATELIMIT=150

Excluding Templates:

# Exclude noisy templates
NUCLEI_EXTRA_ARGS="-etags openssh,ssl -eid CVE-2021-12345"

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Injection Vulnerabilities

xss - Cross-Site Scripting

Tests for XSS vulnerabilities using Dalfox.

How It Works:

URLs with parameters (gf/xss.txt) → dalfox →
→ Test XSS payloads → Verify execution → Report

XSS Types Tested:

• Reflected XSS
• DOM-based XSS
• Blind XSS (with callback server)

Output:

vulns/xss.txt

Sample Output:

[POC] https://example.com/search?q="><script>alert(1)</script>
  Type: Reflected
  Parameter: q
  Payload: "><script>alert(1)</script>

Configuration:

XSS=true
XSS_SERVER="https://your.xss.hunter"  # For blind XSS
DALFOX_THREADS=200

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sqli - SQL Injection

Tests for SQL injection using SQLMap and optionally Ghauri.

How It Works:

URLs with parameters → sqlmap/ghauri →
→ Test injection points → Identify vulnerable params → Report

SQLi Types:

• Error-based
• Union-based
• Blind (Boolean/Time-based)
• Stacked queries

Output:

vulns/sqli.txt
vulns/sqlmap_output/  # Detailed SQLMap results

Sample Output:

[VULNERABLE] https://example.com/user?id=1
  Parameter: id
  Type: Boolean-based blind
  Backend: MySQL

Configuration:

SQLI=true
SQLMAP=true
GHAURI=false  # Alternative SQLi tool

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ssti - Server-Side Template Injection

Tests for template injection vulnerabilities.

How It Works:

URLs with parameters → ffuf (SSTI payloads) →
→ Check for template execution → Report

Payloads Tested:

{{7*7}}
${7*7}
<%= 7*7 %>
{7*7}
${{7*7}}

Output:

vulns/ssti.txt

Configuration:

SSTI=true
ssti_wordlist=${tools}/ssti_wordlist.txt

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lfi - Local File Inclusion

Tests for LFI/path traversal vulnerabilities.

How It Works:

URLs with parameters → ffuf (LFI payloads) →
→ Check for file content → Report

Payloads Tested:

../../../etc/passwd
..%2f..%2f..%2fetc/passwd
....//....//....//etc/passwd
/etc/passwd

Output:

vulns/lfi.txt

Configuration:

LFI=true
lfi_wordlist=${tools}/lfi_wordlist.txt

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command_injection - Command Injection

Tests for OS command injection using Commix.

How It Works:

URLs with parameters → commix →
→ Test command separators → Verify execution → Report

Injection Techniques:

• Classic injection (;, |, &)
• Blind injection (time-based)
• File-based injection

Output:

vulns/command_injection.txt

Configuration:

COMM_INJ=true

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Server-Side Vulnerabilities

ssrf_checks - Server-Side Request Forgery

Tests for SSRF vulnerabilities using callback servers.

How It Works:

URLs with parameters → Replace values with callback URL →
→ Monitor for callbacks → Report SSRF

Requires: Collaborator server (interactsh, Burp Collaborator)

SSRF Payloads:

http://callback.server/
http://169.254.169.254/  # AWS metadata
http://127.0.0.1/

Output:

vulns/ssrf.txt

Configuration:

SSRF_CHECKS=true
COLLAB_SERVER="https://your.interact.sh"

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cors - CORS Misconfiguration

Tests for CORS misconfigurations that allow unauthorized cross-origin access.

Issues Detected:

• Wildcard origin (*)
• Reflected origin
• Null origin allowed
• Credentials with wildcard

How It Works:

webs.txt → Corsy → Test CORS headers →
→ Check for misconfigs → Report

Output:

vulns/cors.txt

Sample Output:

[VULNERABLE] https://api.example.com
  Issue: Origin Reflected
  Impact: Attacker can read responses from any origin

Configuration:

CORS=true

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crlf_checks - CRLF Injection

Tests for HTTP header injection via CRLF.

How It Works:

URLs → crlfuzz → Inject CRLF sequences →
→ Check for header injection → Report

Output:

vulns/crlf.txt

Configuration:

CRLF_CHECKS=true

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Advanced Vulnerabilities

prototype_pollution - Prototype Pollution

Tests for JavaScript prototype pollution in client-side code.

How It Works:

webs.txt → ppmap → Analyze JS →
→ Test pollution payloads → Report

Output:

vulns/prototype_pollution.txt

Configuration:

PROTO_POLLUTION=true

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smuggling - HTTP Request Smuggling

Tests for HTTP request smuggling vulnerabilities.

Techniques Tested:

• CL.TE (Content-Length vs Transfer-Encoding)
• TE.CL
• TE.TE

Output:

vulns/smuggling.txt

Configuration:

SMUGGLING=true

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webcache - Web Cache Poisoning

Tests for web cache poisoning vulnerabilities.

Issues Detected:

• Cache key manipulation
• Unkeyed header poisoning
• Parameter cloaking

Output:

vulns/webcache.txt

Configuration:

WEBCACHE=true

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Bypass Techniques

open_redirect - Open Redirect

Tests for open redirect vulnerabilities.

How It Works:

URLs with redirect parameters → Oralyzer →
→ Test redirect payloads → Verify redirect → Report

Output:

vulns/open_redirect.txt

Sample Output:

[VULNERABLE] https://example.com/login?redirect=
  Payload: //evil.com
  Redirects to: https://evil.com

Configuration:

OPEN_REDIRECT=true

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4xxbypass - 403/401 Bypass

Attempts to bypass access controls returning 403/401 responses.

Techniques:

• Header manipulation (X-Forwarded-For, etc.)
• Path manipulation
• HTTP method changes
• Protocol downgrades

How It Works:

403/401 URLs → nomore403 → Try bypass techniques →
→ Check for successful access → Report

Output:

vulns/4xxbypass.txt

Sample Output:

[BYPASS] https://example.com/admin
  Original: 403 Forbidden
  Technique: X-Original-URL header
  Result: 200 OK

Configuration:

BYPASSER4XX=true

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SSL/TLS Analysis

test_ssl - SSL/TLS Security

Full SSL/TLS security analysis.

Issues Detected:

• Expired certificates
• Weak ciphers
• Protocol vulnerabilities (POODLE, BEAST, etc.)
• Certificate chain issues
• HSTS misconfigurations

Output:

vulns/testssl.txt

Configuration:

TEST_SSL=true

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Credential Testing

spraying - Password Spraying

Attempts common passwords against discovered services.

Services Tested:

• SSH
• FTP
• HTTP Basic Auth
• Database ports
• And more...

How It Works:

hosts/portscan_active.xml → brutespray →
→ Test common creds → Report successful logins

Output:

vulns/brutespray.txt

Configuration:

SPRAY=true
BRUTESPRAY_THREADS=20
BRUTESPRAY_CONCURRENCE=10

⚠️ Warning: Password spraying can lock out accounts. Use with caution.

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Parameter Fuzzing

fuzzparams - Parameter Value Fuzzing

Fuzzes parameter values with nuclei templates.

How It Works:

URLs with parameters → nuclei (fuzzing templates) →
→ Test injection points → Report findings

Output:

vulns/fuzzparams.txt

Configuration:

FUZZPARAMS=true

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Broken Links

brokenLinks - Broken Link Hijacking

Identifies broken links that could be hijacked.

How It Works:

webs.txt → katana (crawl) → Check external links →
→ Identify dead/available domains → Report

Output:

vulns/broken_links.txt

Configuration:

BROKENLINKS=true

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Enabling Vulnerability Scanning

Vulnerability scanning is disabled by default. To enable:

Method 1: Use -a Flag

# Full recon + all vulnerability checks
./reconftw.sh -d example.com -a

Method 2: Enable in Config

# In reconftw.cfg
VULNS_GENERAL=true

Method 3: Selective Enabling

# Enable only specific checks
VULNS_GENERAL=true
XSS=true
SQLI=true
CORS=false
SSRF_CHECKS=false
# ... etc

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Output Summary

File	Content
nuclei_output/*.txt	Nuclei findings by severity
vulns/xss.txt	XSS vulnerabilities
vulns/sqli.txt	SQL injection
vulns/cors.txt	CORS misconfigs
vulns/ssrf.txt	SSRF vulnerabilities
vulns/lfi.txt	LFI/path traversal
vulns/ssti.txt	Template injection
vulns/open_redirect.txt	Open redirects
vulns/4xxbypass.txt	Access control bypasses
vulns/testssl.txt	SSL/TLS issues

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Best Practices

1. Authorization First: Always have written permission before scanning
2. Rate Limiting: Use -q flag to avoid overwhelming targets
3. Scope Awareness: Use -x to exclude out-of-scope targets
4. Verification: Manually verify findings before reporting
5. Responsible Disclosure: Follow responsible disclosure practices
6. Callback Servers: Set up proper callback infrastructure for blind vulns

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Next Steps

• Host Module - Port scanning and host analysis
• Output Interpretation - Understand results